Author: Chris Ciaccia for Dailymail.Com

Published: November 10, 2021 at 13:58 EDT | Updated: November 10, 2021 at 13:58 EDT

Astronomers have discovered for the first time gamma rays emitted by ultrafast outflows (UFOs) from several nearby galaxies. This discovery can reveal the early behavior of the Milky Way. 

A team of researchers led by researchers at Clemson University used data from a large-area telescope on NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and a superposition technique to combine weak signals to find signals from UFOs gamma rays.

Not to be confused with aliens, UFOs are powerful winds from supermassive black holes that can play a role in the growth of the black hole itself and the size of the host galaxy. 

There are supermassive black holes in the centers of all galaxies, including the Milky Way where Sagittarius A* is located.

Astronomers discovered for the first time gamma rays emitted by ultrafast outflows (UFOs) from several nearby galaxies

UFOs are wind from supermassive black holes, which can affect the size of black holes and galaxies

Some of these black holes are dormant, while others are called active galactic nuclei.

In recent years, scientists have discovered that the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* in the middle of the Milky Way is more active than previously thought, although it is not classified as active.

Chris Calvin, the lead author of the study, said in a statement: “Although these winds are difficult to detect, they are thought to play an important role in the growth of a huge black hole and the host galaxy itself.” 

'Our gamma-ray observations show how supermassive black holes transfer large amounts of energy to their host galaxies. 

"These UFOs generate shock waves, like pistons, actually accelerating charged particles (called cosmic rays) to close to the speed of light." 

Active black holes absorb surrounding celestial bodies and "eat" their material, a process called accretion.

Active black holes absorb surrounding celestial bodies and "eat" their matter. This process is called accretion.

For UFOs, wind actually plays a role in affecting the size of galaxies and how they grow, and over time, this wind can actually move gas throughout the galaxy (if strong enough).

The author wrote in the study that this can change "the relationship between the mass of the central black hole and the velocity dispersion of stars in the bulge of the galaxy."

"The impact on the Milky Way is huge," said Marco Ajello, a co-author of the study. 

For UFOs, wind actually plays a role in influencing the size of galaxies and how they grow, and over time can actually move gas throughout the galaxy (if strong enough)

"The black hole in the center of the galaxy and the galaxy itself have a mechanism that can increase mass together-this is the mechanism."

Karwin explained that since gamma rays are produced by cosmic rays, UFOs are likely to provide energy for particles between the Milky Way and the extragalactic cosmic rays.

Karwin points out that this research helps to better understand when Sagittarius A* ceases activity.

"Today, our black hole Sagittarius A* is not active, but it may have been active in the recent past, perhaps until hundreds of years ago," Calvin said. 

"Our model supports the hypothesis that these Fermi bubbles may be the remnants of past UFO-like activities in the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy." 

The research has been published in the "Astrophysical Journal". 

The center of the Milky Way galaxy is dominated by a single inhabitant, the supermassive black hole called Sagittarius A*.

A supermassive black hole is an extremely dense area in the center of a galaxy, and its mass may be billions of times that of the sun.

They act as a powerful source of gravity, sucking away the surrounding dust and gas. 

In 1931, the physicist Karl Jansky first presented evidence of a black hole in the center of the Milky Way, when he discovered radio waves from the area. 

Sgr A* is remarkable and invisible, with a mass equivalent to approximately four million suns.  

Only 26,000 light years from Earth, Sagittarius A* is one of the very few black holes in the universe, where we can actually witness the flow of nearby matter.

Initially, less than 1% of the matter within the gravitational influence of the black hole reached the event horizon, or no return, because most of it was ejected. 

Therefore, the X-ray emission of matter near Sagittarius A* is very weak, like most giant black holes in nearby galaxies in the universe.

The captured matter needs to lose heat and angular momentum before it can enter the black hole. The ejection of material causes this loss to occur.

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